LE CORBUSIER

CHarles-édouard jeanneret-gris, known under the pseudonym of The Corbusier, is a town planner, decorator, painter, Swiss french-speaking French naturalized architect (October 6 1887 to The Chaux-de-Fonds - August 27 1965 to Roquebrune-Cap-Martin). It is the one of the principal representatives of what one calls these days the modern movement (equally named international movement or international style) with Put Ludwig van der Rohe, Walter Gropius and Theo van Doesburg. It equally worked in the domains of urban planning and design. It is known to be the inventor of the Unity of dwelling, as solution to the problems of lodgings of the after war. It learns the concrete technique with the architect Augustus Perret to Paris. With Amédée Ozenfant, it is founded in 1920 purism, artistic current heir of cubism, thus defined in their reviewed THE new Spirit (in which it produces many items show on the modern man) : "The works are rendered legible by simple and stripped forms, organized under construction ordered, harmony generators." The Corbusier opens an architecture workshop to Paris and launches a furnishing line. In 1925, to the international Exposition of the Decorative Arts, it constructs a house shows of his art, the House of the new Spirit. In 1928, it organizes the international Congress of modern architecture (CIAM). Following the economical crisis of 1929 and up to 1945, The Corbusier will concentrate on the problems of the urban concentration. Installation of the forehead of sea of Algiers in 1960, study of urbanization of Rio of Janeiro… All its projects strongly are criticized. Remain of this period its realizations, as the city refuge of the Army of the good day of 1929, the Swiss House of the university international City of Paris (1930-1932) or again, in collaboration with the Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer or the ministry of the national education to Rio of Janeiro (1936-1943). "There where is born the order, is born well-being." The choices of The Corbusier in architecture are those that define purism: form simplicity, organization, harshness. This vision is mixed utopia, the happiness being the one of the keys of its reflections on urban planning. His "language" architectural applies just as well to the economical lodging as to the luxury villa. Of 1946 to 1952, The Corbusier constructs the radiant City of Marseilles, a residence in the form of a bar on pile that constitutes an important innovation in the architectural conception of the residences of dwellings. In 1950, to 63 years it launches himself in the adventure of the reconstruction of the chapel Notre-Dame-du-Haut to Ronchamp in Frank County, destroyed by the bombardments of September 1944. The Corbusier recorded its theories and its research in 35 written works between 1912 and 1966. It will go until to apply its principles to the ladder of a city when authorities indians, in the years 1950, entrust him the plans of Chandigarh, new capital of the Penjab. It is dead at the age of 77 years, to the Cape martin, during a swimming in Mediterranean. It figures on the ticket of 10 Swiss francs put in circulation April 8 1997, where it is represented with the glasses to the big round, circled glasses of black one, that it habitually carried.